for isolating \(k\) terms, eg \(5k = 26 + 4\) or \(5k = 30\) or \(k - \dfrac{4}{5} = \dfrac{26}{5}\) oe or \(26 + 4 \div 5\)
A1
cao
Additional guidance
For M mark step must be carried out not just intention shown. For example, if you see \(5k - 4 = 26\) \(+4 \qquad +4\) award M1 for \(5k = r\) where \(r \gt 26\)
for a correct first step eg \(\dfrac{14 - x}{3} \times 3 = 3x \times 3\) or \(\dfrac{14}{3} - \dfrac{1}{3}x + \dfrac{1}{3}x = 3x + \dfrac{1}{3}x\) oe
A1
oe, eg \(\dfrac{14}{10}\)
Additional guidance
For M mark, step must be carried out not just intention shown. For example if you see \[\begin{array}{ccc} \dfrac{14 - x}{3} &=& 3x \\ \times 3 && \times 3 \end{array}\] Only award M1 when you see \(14 - x = kx\) where \(k \gt 3\)
or dividing throughout by 2 as a first step to solve equation, eg \(4x - 5 = 9\)
M1
for isolating terms in \(x\), eg \(8x = 18 + 10\) or \(4x = 9 + 5\)
A1
for 3.5 or \(3\dfrac{1}{2}\) oe or \(\dfrac{7}{2}\) oe
Additional guidance
For M marks step must be carried out not just intention shown.
For example, if you see\[\begin{array}{c} 2(4x - 5) = 18 \\ \div 2 \qquad\qquad \div 2 \end{array}\]Award M1 for:\[4x - 5 = k \quad \text{with } k \ne 18, 36\]
ft their equation of the form \(ax \pm b = c\)
For example, if you see\[\begin{array}{c} 8x - 10 = 18 \\ +10 \qquad\qquad +10 \end{array}\]Award M1 for:\[8x \quad = k \quad \text{with } k \ne 8, 18\]
(c) Show that there is a number for which the output is the same as the input. (2)
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Mark
Mark scheme
16
B1
cao
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Mark scheme
19
M1
starts method to find input using inverse operations eg \(28 + 10\ (=38)\) or sight of \(+10\) and \(\div 2\)
A1
cao
Additional guidance
\(+10\) and \(\div 2\) could be seen in a flow diagram Working may be next to number machine.
Mark scheme (c)
Answer
Mark
Mark scheme
Shown
M1
for carrying out at least one trial or for forming a suitable equation, eg \(2x - 10 = x\) or for identifying 10
C1
for showing that an input of 10 gives an output of 10
Additional guidance
Trial can be for any value, must be correctly evaluated. Accept correct inverse function trial, correctly evaluated. If working seen on the number machine provided in the question allow for a trial other than input 13 or output 28.
for one correct step to isolate \(x\) term or constant term on one side, eg adds \(x\) to both sides to get \(5x - 14 + x = 52 - x + x\) or adds 14 to both sides to get \(5x - 14 + 14 = 52 - x + 14\) oe
M1
for both correct steps to isolate terms in \(x\) on one side and constant term on one side, eg \(\text{``}6x\text{''} - 14 + 14 = 52 + 14\), or \(5x + x = \text{``}66\text{''} + x - x\)
A1
cao
Additional guidance
May be seen in different equivalent forms but must be carried out, not just intention seen. Can be implied by eg \(4x = 66\) or \(6x = 38\)
(i) Work out the value of \(P\) when \(g = 3\) and \(h = 5\) (2)
(ii) Work out the value of \(g\) when \(P = 38\) and \(h = 3\) (2)
\(V = 3r - q\)
(b) Work out the value of \(V\) when \(r = -3\) and \(q = 2\) (2)
Mark scheme (a)(i)
Answer
Mark
Mark scheme
26
M1
for substitution eg \(2 \times 3 + 4 \times 5\) or \(6 + 20\)
A1
cao
Mark scheme (a)(ii)
Answer
Mark
Mark scheme
13
M1
for substitution eg \(38 = 2g + 4 \times 3\)
or a complete numerical method eg \((38 - 4 \times 3) \div 2\) or for a correct first step to rearrange eg \(P - 4h = 2g\) or \(\dfrac{P}{2} = g + \dfrac{4h}{2}\) oe
for one correct step to isolate \(x\) term or constant term on one side, eg adds \(x\) to both sides to get \(5x - 14 + x = 52 - x + x\) or adds 14 to both sides to get \(5x - 14 + 14 = 52 - x + 14\) oe
M1
for both correct steps to isolate terms in \(x\) on one side and constant term on one side, eg \(\text{``}6x\text{''} - 14 + 14 = 52 + 14\), or \(5x + x = \text{``}66\text{''} + x - x\)
A1
cao
Additional guidance
May be seen in different equivalent forms but must be carried out, not just intention seen. Can be implied by eg \(4x = 66\) or \(6x = 38\)
24 Rick, Selma and Tony are playing a game with counters.
Rick has some counters. Selma has twice as many counters as Rick. Tony has 6 counters less than Selma.
In total they have 54 counters.
the number of counters Rick has : the number of counters Tony has \(= 1 : p\)
Work out the value of \(p\). (5)
Mark scheme
Answer
Mark
Mark scheme
1.5
P1
for process to develop 3 algebraic expressions, eg (\(R =\)) \(n\), (\(S =\)) \(2n\), (\(T =\)) \(2n - 6\), oe, at least two must be correct. or for selecting 3 values satisfying the given criteria, eg (\(R =\)) 10, (\(S =\)) 20, (\(T =\)) 14
P1
for process to sum 3 algebraic expressions and equating to 54, eg \(n + \text{``}2n\text{''} + \text{``}2n - 6\text{''} = 54\) or for finding the correct sum of their values eg \(\text{``}10\text{''} + \text{``}20\text{''} + \text{``}14\text{''} = 44\)
P1
for start of process to solve the correct linear equation, eg \(5n = 54 + 6\ (n = 12)\) or for 12, 24, 18
P1
for \(\text{``}12\text{''} : 2 \times \text{``}12\text{''} - 6\) oe eg \(12 : 18\) oe or \(18 : 12\) linked to \(T\), \(R\)
3 Rick, Selma and Tony are playing a game with counters.
Rick has some counters. Selma has twice as many counters as Rick. Tony has 6 counters less than Selma.
In total they have 54 counters.
the number of counters Rick has : the number of counters Tony has \(= 1 : p\)
Work out the value of \(p\). (5)
Mark scheme
Answer
Mark
Mark scheme
1.5
P1
for process to develop 3 algebraic expressions, eg (\(R =\)) \(n\), (\(S =\)) \(2n\), (\(T =\)) \(2n - 6\), oe, at least two must be correct. or for selecting 3 values satisfying the given criteria, eg (\(R =\)) 10, (\(S =\)) 20, (\(T =\)) 14
P1
for process to sum 3 algebraic expressions and equating to 54, eg \(n + \text{``}2n\text{''} + \text{``}2n - 6\text{''} = 54\) or for finding the correct sum of their values eg \(\text{``}10\text{''} + \text{``}20\text{''} + \text{``}14\text{''} = 44\)
P1
for start of process to solve the correct linear equation, eg \(5n = 54 + 6\ (n = 12)\) or for 12, 24, 18
P1
for \(\text{``}12\text{''} : 2 \times \text{``}12\text{''} - 6\) oe eg \(12 : 18\) oe or \(18 : 12\) linked to T, R
for a correct first stage eg expanding the brackets, \(2 \times 5x - 2 \times 4\ (= 10x - 8)\) or division of both sides by 2, eg \(\dfrac{2(5x - 4)}{2} = \dfrac{21}{2}\)
M1
for isolating terms in \(x\) eg \(10x = 21 + 8\)
A1
oe
Mark scheme (d)
Answer
Mark
Mark scheme
\(20e^3f^4\)
M1
for any two of \(4 \times 5\ (= 20)\), \(e^{2+1}\ (= e^3)\), \(f^{1+3}\ (= f^4)\) in a product or written as individual terms
for explanation, eg \(AB\) cannot be zero (cm) or shows \(AB\) to be zero, eg \(4 \times 0.5 - 2 = 0\)
Additional guidance
Accept say ‘\(AB\) would then be 0’
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Mark scheme
2.5
P1
for a correct expression for \(AD\), eg \(3(4x - 2)\) or \(12x - 6\) OR \(2(3AB + AB) = 64\) oe or \(3AB + AB = 32\) oe or \(AB = 8\) OR for an equation with mixed variables, eg \(6AB + 2(4x - 2) = 64\)
P1
for forming a correct equation in \(x\), eg \(4x - 2 + 4x - 2 + 3(4x - 2) + 3(4x - 2) = 64\) or \(4x - 2 = 8\) or \(4x - 2 + 3(4x - 2) = 32\)
for isolating \(x\) terms, eg \(4x = 37 + 7\) or \(4x = 44\) or for \(x - \frac{7}{4} = \frac{37}{4}\) or for \(37 + 7 = 44\) followed by \(\text{``}44\text{''} \div 4\ (= 11)\)
for correctly expanding the bracket, as part of an equation to get \(4x - 24 = 44\) or for dividing both sides of the equation by 4 as a first step, eg \(\frac{4(x-6)}{4} = \frac{44}{4}\) oe
A1
cao
Additional guidance
Award M1 for an embedded value of 17 if not identified as the answer
for multiplying both sides by 7 as a first step eg \(9 + x = 7(11 - x)\) or dividing each term on the left hand side by 7 eg \(\dfrac{9}{7} + \dfrac{x}{7} = 11 - x\)
M1
(dep M1) for method to isolate the \(x\) terms on one side
A1
oe
Additional guidance
\(\times 7\) written near the equation is not enough for this mark
15 You can use this rule to work out the total hire charge, in pounds (£), for hiring a 3D printer for a number of weeks.
Total hire charge (£) \(=\) number of weeks \(\times\ 70 + 50\)
Mia wants to hire a 3D printer for 4 weeks.
(a) Work out the total hire charge. (2)
Zahir hires a 3D printer. The total hire charge is £680
(b) For how many weeks does Zahir hire the 3D printer? (2)
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Mark
Mark scheme
330
M1
for \(4 \times 70 + 50\) oe
A1
cao
Additional guidance
May be seen as sum of four 70s and a 50 \(n \times (70 + 50)\) or ambiguous working gets 0 marks
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Mark scheme
9
M1
for use of inverse operations eg \((680 - 50) \div 70\) OR rearranges an equation to solve eg \(70x + 50 = 680\) rearranged to isolate \(x\) term. OR ft (a) eg \(((680 - \text{``}330\text{''}) \div 70) + 4\)
A1
cao or ft their (a)
Additional guidance
Need not have brackets; can be written in an incorrect order if the intention is clear A correct but embedded answer gets 1 mark
17 The diagram shows a pentagon. The pentagon has one line of symmetry.
\(AE = 4x\) \(AB = 2x + 1\) \(BC = x + 2\)
All these measurements are given in centimetres.
The perimeter of the pentagon is 18 cm.
(a) Show that \(10x + 6 = 18\) (3)
(b) Find the value of \(x\). (2)
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Mark
Mark scheme
Full working seen
M1
for an initial step with the expressions eg doubling \(2x + 1\) or \(x + 2\) or halving \(4x\) or for identifying \(CD\) as \(x + 2\) or for identifying \(DE\) as \(2x + 1\)
M1
for an expression for the total perimeter, eg \(4x + 2 \times (2x + 1) + 2 \times (x + 2)\)
C1
for full simplification and equating to 18
Additional guidance
May be seen in working or on diagram
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Mark scheme
1.2
M1
for isolating terms in \(x\) can ft an equation stated in (a) provided in form \(ax + b = c\)
for correct expansion of the bracket or dividing all terms by 3 as a first step eg \(3x - 3\) or \((5x - 6)/3 = 3(x - 1)/3\)
M1
for isolating terms in \(x\) on one side of an equation eg \(5x - 6 - 3x = -3\) or both constants on one side of an equation, eg \(5x = 3x - 3 + 6\), ft \(5x - 6 = 3x - 1\)
for correct expansion of the bracket or dividing all terms by 3 as a first step eg \(3x - 3\) or \((5x - 6)/3 = 3(x - 1)/3\)
M1
for isolating terms in \(x\) on one side of an equation eg \(5x - 6 - 3x = -3\) or both constants on one side of an equation, eg \(5x = 3x - 3 + 6\), ft \(5x - 6 = 3x - 1\)
for writing at least 2 fractions with a common denominator eg. \(\dfrac{3(3x - 2)}{12}\), \(\dfrac{4(2x + 5)}{12}\), \(\dfrac{2(1 - x)}{12}\) with at least one correct numerator or for \(\dfrac{3x}{4} - \dfrac{2}{4} - \dfrac{2x}{3} - \dfrac{5}{3} = \dfrac{1}{6} - \dfrac{x}{6}\) (accept \(+\dfrac{5}{3}\) instead of \(-\dfrac{5}{3}\))
M1
(dep) for a method to eliminate all fractions in an equation, ignore errors in any expanded terms eg. \(3(3x - 2) - 4(2x + 5) = 2(1 - x)\) or \(6 \times [3(3x - 2) - 4(2x + 5)] = 12 \times [1 - x]\) or \(3 \times 3x - 3 \times 2 - 4 \times 2x - 4 \times 5 = 2 \times 1 - 2 \times x\) OR for the correct expansion of brackets leading to \(\dfrac{9x - 6 - 8x - 20}{12} = \dfrac{2 - 2x}{12}\)
M1
(dep on M2) for correctly isolating terms in \(x\) and number terms of their linear equation e.g. \(9x - 8x + 2x = 2 + 6 + 20\)
M1 for expanding brackets e.g. \(4x + 12\ (= 2x + 8)\) or divide by 4 as a first step e.g. \(x + 3 = \dfrac{2x}{4} + \dfrac{8}{4}\) M1 ft their equations which have to be of the form \(ax + b = 2x + 8\) or \(x + 3 = ax + b\) for isolating terms in \(x\) and numbers e.g. \(4x - 2x = 8 - 12\) seen as part of their solution oe A1 cao
(c) Make \(m\) the subject of the formula \(v = \sqrt{\dfrac{2E}{m}}\) (3)
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(\dfrac{3}{x + 1}\)
1
B1 oe
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(-2.5\)
3
M1 for attempting to multiply both sides by 5 as a first step and cancelling the LHS (can be implied by equations of the form \(15 - x = 15x + ?\) or \(15 - x = ?x + 55\)) M1 for method to isolate terms in \(x\) and number terms from \(ax + b = cx + d\) A1 for \(-2.5\) oe OR M1 for splitting the LHS correctly into two parts \(\dfrac{15}{5} - \dfrac{x}{5} = 3x + 11\) M1 for method to isolate terms in \(x\) and number terms from \(ax + b = cx + d\) A1 for \(-2.5\) oe
Mark scheme (c)
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(m = \dfrac{2E}{v^2}\)
3
M1 for a method to remove square root or clear fraction as a first step M1 for a method to remove square root and clear fraction A1 for \(m = \dfrac{2E}{v^2}\)
M1 for identifying a common denominator in a correct expression or equation eg \(\dfrac{4(x + 1)}{12} + \dfrac{3(2x + 5)}{12}\) (= 2) M1 (dep on M1) for expanding both brackets in an equation eg \(\dfrac{4x + 4}{12} + \dfrac{6x + 15}{12} = 2\) eg \(4x + 4 + 6x + 15 = 12 \times 2\) M1 (dep on M1) for isolating “like terms” on each side of an equation eg \(4x + 6x = 24 - 15 - 4\)
Hassan thinks of a number. He multiplies the number by 3 He then adds 12 His answer is 60
(c) What number did Hassan think of? (2)
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Mark
Notes
12
1
B1 cao
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Notes
45
1
B1 cao
Mark scheme (c)
Answer
Mark
Notes
16
2
M1 for correct order of inverse operations \(-12\) then \(\div 3\) or for forming the equation \(3x + 12 = 60\) and showing intention to subtract 12 from both sides or divide each term by 3 as a first step A1 cao
M1 for expanding brackets eg \(4x + 12\) (\(= 2x + 8\)) or dividing by 4 as a first step eg \(x + 3 = \dfrac{2x}{4} + \dfrac{8}{4}\) M1 ft their equation of the form \(ax + b = 2x + 8\) or \(x + 3 = ax + b\) for isolating terms in \(x\) and numbers e.g. \(4x - 2x = 8 - 12\) seen as part of their solution oe A1 cao
M1 for isolating term in \(x\) eg \(3x \lt 16 + 5\) or \(3x \lt 21\) or for \((x =)\ 7\) or \(x \gt 7\) etc A1 cao
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(\dfrac{7}{5}\)
3
M1 for multiplying by 4 or adding \(\dfrac{w}{4}\) or subtracting \(\dfrac{11}{4}\) or subtracting 1 [all applied to both sides and as a first step] M1 for isolating terms in \(w\) on one side and number terms on the other side of the equation A1 for \(\dfrac{7}{5}\) oe
M1 for intention to subtract 19 from both sides or divide all terms by 8 as a first step A1 for \(-0.5\) oe
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Notes
3
2
M1 for a correct operation to collect the \(c\) terms or the number terms on one side of the equation e.g. \(2c - c + 5 = 8\), \(2c + 5 - 5 = c + 8 - 5\) A1 cao
M1 for collecting the terms in \(x\) or the number terms in an equation, eg. \(5x - x + 4 = 14\) or \(5x = 14 - 4 + x\) A1 for 2.5 oe (accept \(\tfrac{10}{4}\))
(c) Make \(a\) the subject of the formula \(f = \dfrac{a + 1}{2}\) (2)
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(e(3e + 5)\)
1
B1 for \(e(3e + 5)\)
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Notes
4
3
M1 for intention to expand brackets eg \(7k - 21\) or division of all terms on RHS by 7 as a first step M1 for correct method to isolate terms in \(k\) in an equation A1 cao
Mark scheme (c)
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(a = 2f - 1\)
2
M1 for a correct first step eg intention to multiply both sides by 2 A1 cao
M1 for intention to expand brackets, eg \(7k - 21\) or division of all terms on RHS by 7 as first step, eg \(\tfrac{3}{7}k - \tfrac{5}{7}\) M1 for correct method to isolate terms in \(k\) in an equation A1 cao
Mark scheme (c)
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(2x^2 - 13x - 24\)
2
M1 for 4 terms correct ignoring signs or 3 out of no more than 4 terms correct A1 cao
Mark scheme (d)
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
3
M1 for clear intention to multiply both sides by 4 or split into individual fractions on LHS M1 for correct method to isolate term in \(f\) in an equation, ft from equations of form \(a + bf = c\), where \(a, b, c \neq 0\) A1 cao
(b) Write down all the possible values of \(y\). (2)
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(\dfrac{2}{3}\)
2
M1 for intention to subtract 4 from both sides or divide each term by 3 or \(3p = 2\) written in the workspace A1 for \(\frac{2}{3}\) accept answer to two decimal places rounded or truncated
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(-4\), \(-3\), \(-2\), \(-1\), 0
2
B2 for all 5 correct values; ignore repeats, any order (B1 for 4 correct (and no incorrect) values or all five correct values and \(-5\))
10 You can use these rules to change temperatures from \(^\circ\)C to \(^\circ\)F.
approximate rule
Multiply the \(^\circ\)C temperature by 2 and then add 30
exact rule
Multiply the \(^\circ\)C temperature by 1.8 and then add 32
Amy uses the approximate rule to change 20\(^\circ\)C to \(^\circ\)F. Dan uses the exact rule to change 20\(^\circ\)C to \(^\circ\)F.
(a) Work out the difference between Amy’s result and Dan’s result. (4)
Jade uses the approximate rule to change a temperature from \(^\circ\)C to \(^\circ\)F. The result is 110\(^\circ\)F.
(b) What \(^\circ\)C temperature did Jade change to \(^\circ\)F? (3)
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Mark
Notes
2
4
M1 for 20 × 2 + 30 (=70) M1 for 20 × 1.8 + 32 (=68) M1 (dep on M1) for “70” – “68” A1 cao
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Notes
40
3
M1 for 110 – 30 ÷ 2 or 110 = ? × 2 + 30 or 110 – 30 or ÷ 2 seen as second operation M1 for “(110 – 30)” ÷ 2 A1 cao NB accept reverse flowcharts for inverse operations SC if exact rule used: B2 for “(110 – 32)” ÷ 1.8
(b) Write as a single fraction in its simplest form \[\frac{2}{y + 3} - \frac{1}{y - 6}\] (3)
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Mark
Notes
4
3
M1 for correct expansion to \(32x - 8\) or multiplying both sides by \(3x\) or dividing both sides by 4 M1 for a compete and correct method to isolate the \(x\) terms and the number terms (condone one arithmetic error in multiplying out the bracket) A1 cao
Mark scheme (b)
Working
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(\dfrac{2(y - 6) - (y + 3)}{(y + 3)(y - 6)}\)
\(\dfrac{y - 15}{(y + 3)(y - 6)}\)
3
M1 for common denominator of \((y + 3)(y - 6)\) M1 for \(\dfrac{2(y - 6)}{(y + 3)(y - 6)} - \dfrac{y + 3}{(y + 3)(y - 6)}\) oe or \(\dfrac{2(y - 6) - (y + 3)}{(y + 3)(y - 6)}\) oe A1 for \(\dfrac{y - 15}{(y + 3)(y - 6)}\) or \(\dfrac{y - 15}{y^2 - 3y - 18}\)
M1 for clear intention to expand bracket or divide both sides of the equation by 5 as first step M1 for correct method to isolate terms in \(f\) A1 for 6.25 oe
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(-0.75\)
4
M1 for correct method to clear fractions eg. multiply all terms by 6 M1 for expansion of brackets oe M1 (dep on M1) for isolating the terms in \(h\) and the constant terms A1 for \(-0.75\) oe
M1 for \(3 \times x - 3 \times 2\) (\(= 3x - 6\)) or \(\dfrac{x}{3} + \dfrac{7}{3}\) seen M1 for correct method to isolate the terms in \(x\) or the number terms on opposite sides of an equation A1 for 6.5 oe
M1 for \(3 \times x - 3 \times 2\) (\(= 3x - 6\)) or \(\frac{x}{3} + \frac{7}{3}\) seen M1 for correct method to isolate the terms in \(x\) or the number terms on opposite sides of an equation A1 for 6.5 oe
Mark scheme (b)
Working
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(2 - y = 1 \times 5\)
\(-3\)
2
M1 for intention to multiply both sides by 5 (to give \(2 - y = 1 \times 5\)) A1 cao
M1 for multiplying throughout by 10 oe or writing LHS as a single fraction e.g \(2(4x - 1) + 5(x + 4) = 3 \times 10\) or \(\dfrac{2(4x - 1) + 5(x + 4)}{10}\) or \(\dfrac{2(4x - 1)}{10} + \dfrac{5(x + 4)}{10}\) M1 (dep) for a complete correct method to obtain linear equation of the form \(ax = b\) (condone one arithmetic error in multiplying out the bracket) A1 for \(\dfrac{12}{13}\) oe (decimal equivalent is 0.923…)
M1 for attempting to multiply both sides by 3 as a first step (this can be implied by equations of the form \(5w - 8 = 12w + ?\) or \(5w - 8 = ?w + 6\) i.e. the LHS must be correct M1 for isolating terms in \(w\) and the number terms correctly from \(aw + b = cw + d\) A1 cao OR M1 for \(\dfrac{5w}{3} - \dfrac{8}{3} = 4w + 2\) M1 for isolating terms in \(w\) and the number terms correctly A1 cao
Mark scheme (c)
Answer
Mark
Notes
\((x + 7)(x - 7)\)
1
B1 cao
Mark scheme (d)
Answer
Mark
Notes
\(3x^4y^{\frac{3}{2}}\)
2
B2 for \(3x^4y^{\frac{3}{2}}\) or \(3x^4y^{1.5}\) or \(3x^4y^{1\frac{1}{2}}\) (B1 for any two terms correct in a product eg. \(3x^4y^n\))
\(4x - 2x = 17 - 1\) or \(1 - 17 = 2x - 4x\) or \((x =)\ 8\)
M1dep
oe collection of terms
Correctly substitutes their 8 into a correct expression for the length or width of the rectangle
M1
their \(8 \gt 0\) and their \(8 \ne 1\)
Correct method for both the length and the width of the rectangle using their 8
M1dep
their \(8 \gt 0\) and their \(8 \ne 1\) dep on 3rd M
3267
A1
SC1 \(12x + 3\) or \(6x + 51\)
Additional guidance
The first M1 or SC1 may be awarded for correct work with no answer or incorrect answer, even if this is seen amongst multiple attempts
Trial and improvement to find \((x =)\ 8\) is M2
Using an incorrect value of \(x\) for 3rd and 4th marks eg when \(x = 10\) \(4 \times 10 + 1 = 41\) and \(41 \times 3 = 123\) or \(12 \times 10 + 3 = 123\) and \(123 \div 3 = 41\) or \(2 \times 10 + 17 = 37\) and \(6 \times 10 + 51 = 111\)
\(7x - 4x\) or \(3x\) or \(4x - 7x\) or \(-3x\) or \(-22 - 29\) or \(-51\) or \(22 + 29\) or 51
M1
\(3x = 51\) or \(-3x = -51\)
A1
\(\dfrac{51}{3}\) or \(\dfrac{-51}{-3}\) implies M1A1 implied by correct answer
17
A1ft
ft M1A0 from an equation of the form \(\pm 3x = a\) or \(bx = \pm 51\)
Additional guidance
Trial and improvement scores 0 or 3
If a follow through answer does not simplify to an integer, accept it as a fraction, mixed number or decimal to at least 1dp. eg from \(3x = 7\) accept \(\dfrac{7}{3}\) or \(2\dfrac{1}{3}\) or 2.3 or better Ignore any attempt to convert a correct ft fraction
\(7x - 4x\) or \(3x\) or \(4x - 7x\) or \(-3x\) or \(-22 - 29\) or \(-51\) or \(22 + 29\) or 51
M1
\(3x = 51\) or \(-3x = -51\)
A1
\(\dfrac{51}{3}\) or \(\dfrac{-51}{-3}\) implies M1A1 implied by correct answer
17
A1ft
ft M1A0 from an equation of the form \(\pm 3x = a\) or \(bx = \pm 51\)
Additional guidance
Trial and improvement scores 0 or 3
If a follow through answer does not simplify to an integer, accept it as a fraction, mixed number or decimal to at least 1dp. eg from \(3x = 7\) accept \(\dfrac{7}{3}\) or \(2\dfrac{1}{3}\) or 2.3 or better Ignore any attempt to convert a correct ft fraction
When \(\quad x = 5 \quad y = 13\) and when \(\quad x = 10 \quad y = 28\)
Complete the number machine. [2 marks]
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Mark
Comments
40 in correct position in number machine
B1
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Comments
\(+\,11\) in correct position in number machine
B1
oe operation to reach 18 eg \(-\,-11\) or \(\times\,\dfrac{18}{7}\)
Mark scheme (c)
Answer
Mark
Comments
3 and 2 in correct positions in number machine
B2
B1 correct operations for input 5, output 13 or correct operations for input 10, output 28
Additional guidance
B1 may be awarded for correct work, with no or incorrect answer, even if this is seen amongst multiple attempts
Examples of correct operations for input 5, output 13 include \(\times\,2.6\) and \(-\,0\) or \(\times\,4\) and \(-\,7\) or \(\times\,5\) and \(-\,12\)
B1
Examples of correct operations for input 10, output 28 include \(\times\,2.8\) and \(-\,0\) or \(\times\,4\) and \(-\,12\) or \(\times\,5\) and \(-\,22\)
13 Multiplying \(y\) by 6 gives the same result as adding 15 to \(y\)
(a) Write this as an equation. [2 marks]
(b) Show that the value of \(y\) is not 4 [1 mark]
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Mark
Comments
\(6y = y + 15\)
B2
correct single equation with \(6y\) and \(y + 15\) eg \(15 + y = y \times 6\)
B1 \(6y\) or \(y + 15\) or rearranged equation eg \(6y - 15 = y\) or \(5y = 15\) but not \(y = 3\) only
Additional guidance
B1 may be awarded for a correct term even if this is seen amongst multiple attempts or embedded in an incorrect equation or incorrect term eg \(6y + 15\) or \(6y + 15y\) or \(6(y + 15)\)
Allow any variable for B1 but must be consistent for B2
Allow unprocessed terms for B1 or B2 eg \(6 \times y\) or \(y6\)
\(6y = y + 15\) seen, but then correctly simplified or solved
B2
\(6y = y + 15\) seen, but then incorrectly simplified or solved
B1
\(6y = 18\) or \(y + 15 = 18\) or both (unless combined to a single equation)
B1
No work worth B2 or B1 and answer \(y = 3\)
B0
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Comments
Alternative method 1: substitutes \(y = 4\) into both sides
\((6y =)\ 24\) and \((y + 15 =)\ 19\)
B1ft
oe eg \(4 \times 6 = 24\) and \(4 + 15 = 19\) correct or ft their equation if their equation has a term in \(y\) on each side
Alternative method 2: solves equation
\((y =)\ 3\)
B1ft
oe eg \(3 \times 6 = 18\) and \(3 + 15 = 18\) correct or ft their equation if their equation has a term in \(y\) on each side
Additional guidance
Allow any variable
Only allow \((y =)\ 3\) seen in (a) if referenced in (b) and not contradicted
B1
For Alt 1, accept substituting into one side and then equating and solving the other eg \(4 \times 6 = 24\) and \(24 - 15 = 9\)
\(\dfrac{3}{10}x = \dfrac{20}{5} - \dfrac{29}{5}\) or \(\dfrac{3}{10}x = -\dfrac{9}{5}\)
M1
oe eg \(0.3x = -1.8\) terms must be collected
\(-6\)
A1ft
ft M1A0M1
Additional guidance
Accept decimal answers for follow through correct to 1 dp or better
Apply the principles of alt 1 for any use of other common denominators eg common denominator of 20 (or multiplication through by 20)
\(10(x + 8) + 4(9 - x) = 6x + 116\)
M1A1
\(6x + 116 = 80 \qquad x = -6\)
M1A1
An incorrect simplification of \(5x + 40 + 18 - 2x\) may still gain the third and fourth marks
eg \(5x + 40 + 18 - 2x = 3x + 68\) followed by \(3x + 68 = 40\) and \(x = -\dfrac{28}{3}\)
M1A0M1A1ft
eg \(5x + 40 + 18 - 2x = 2x + 68\) followed by \(2x + 68 = 40\) and \(x = -14\)
M1A0M1A1ft
An incorrect denominator may still gain the third and fourth marks \(\dfrac{5x + 40 + 18 - 2x}{7}\) followed by \(5x + 40 + 18 - 2x = 28\) and \(x = -10\)
M1A0M1A1ft
Denominator not processed \(3x + 58 = 4\) followed by \(3x = -54\) and \(x = -18\)
M1A1M0A0
\((x + 8) + (9 - x) = 40\)
M0A0M1A0
Two errors in the expansion but with brackets seen may go on to get the third and fourth marks \(5(x + 8) + 2(9 - x) = 5x + 8 + 18 - x\)
1st M1A0
Two errors in the expansion and no brackets seen, no follow through allowed \(5x + 8 + 18 - x\) followed by \(4x + 26 = 40\) and \(x = \dfrac{14}{4}\)
their \(10x - 6x = 9 +\) their 5 or \(4x = 14\) or \(14 \div 4\) or \(7 \div 2\)
M1
oe eg their \(-5 - 9 = 6x -\) their \(10x\) or \(4x - 14 = 0\) collecting two terms in \(x\) and two constant terms correctly
\(\dfrac{14}{4}\) or \(3\dfrac{2}{4}\) or \(\dfrac{7}{2}\) or \(3\dfrac{1}{2}\) or 3.5
A1ft
oe ft M1M0 or M0M1 with exactly one error
Alternative method 2
\(\dfrac{6x}{5} + \dfrac{9}{5}\)
M1
oe two terms eg \(1.2x + 1.8\)
\(2x -\) their \(\dfrac{6x}{5} =\) their \(\dfrac{9}{5} + 1\) or \(\dfrac{4x}{5} = \dfrac{14}{5}\)
M1
oe eg \(-1 -\) their \(\dfrac{9}{5} =\) their \(\dfrac{6x}{5} - 2x\) or \(\dfrac{4x}{5} - \dfrac{14}{5} = 0\) collecting two terms in \(x\) and two constant terms correctly
\(\dfrac{14}{4}\) or \(3\dfrac{2}{4}\) or \(\dfrac{7}{2}\) or \(3\dfrac{1}{2}\) or 3.5
A1ft
oe ft M1M0 or M0M1 with exactly one error
Additional guidance
Ignore simplification or conversion if correct answer seen
Correct answer from trial and improvement
M1M1A1
Correct equation with terms collected or division with no or incorrect answer
M1M1A0
Embedded 3.5 with no or incorrect answer
M1M1A0
\(10x - 5 = 6x + 9\) \(10x - 6x = 9 - 5\) \(x = 1\) (exactly one error in line 2)
M1 M0 A1ft
\(7x - 5 = 6x + 9\) \(7x - 6x = 9 + 5\) \(x = 14\) (exactly one error in line 1)
\(2w = \dfrac{4}{5} \times 15\) or \(2w = \dfrac{60}{5}\) or \(2w = 12\) or \(\dfrac{2w}{15} = \dfrac{12}{15}\) or \(\dfrac{w}{3} = \dfrac{2}{1}\) or \(\dfrac{w}{2} = \dfrac{3}{1}\) or \(\dfrac{w}{15} = \dfrac{4}{5} \div 2\) or \(\dfrac{w}{15} = \dfrac{2}{5}\) or \(2w \times 5 = 4 \times 15\) or \(10w = 60\) or \(\dfrac{4}{5} \div \dfrac{2}{15}\)
M1
oe in the form \(aw = n\) where \(a\) is an integer and \(n\) is an integer, fraction or decimal oe in the form \(\dfrac{bw}{x} = \dfrac{c}{x}\) where \(x\) is a common denominator oe calculation
their \(10x - 6x = 9 +\) their 5 or \(4x = 14\) or \(14 \div 4\) or \(7 \div 2\)
M1
oe eg their \(-5 - 9 = 6x -\) their \(10x\) or \(4x - 14 = 0\) collecting two terms in \(x\) and two constant terms correctly
\(\dfrac{14}{4}\) or \(3\dfrac{2}{4}\) or \(\dfrac{7}{2}\) or \(3\dfrac{1}{2}\) or 3.5
A1ft
oe ft M1M0 or M0M1 with exactly one error
Alternative method 2
\(\dfrac{6x}{5} + \dfrac{9}{5}\)
M1
oe two terms eg \(1.2x + 1.8\)
\(2x -\) their \(\dfrac{6x}{5} =\) their \(\dfrac{9}{5} + 1\) or \(\dfrac{4x}{5} = \dfrac{14}{5}\)
M1
oe eg \(-1 -\) their \(\dfrac{9}{5} =\) their \(\dfrac{6x}{5} - 2x\) or \(\dfrac{4x}{5} - \dfrac{14}{5} = 0\) collecting two terms in \(x\) and two constant terms correctly
\(\dfrac{14}{4}\) or \(3\dfrac{2}{4}\) or \(\dfrac{7}{2}\) or \(3\dfrac{1}{2}\) or 3.5
A1ft
oe ft M1M0 or M0M1 with exactly one error
Additional guidance
Ignore simplification or conversion if correct answer seen
Correct answer from trial and improvement
M1M1A1
Correct equation with terms collected or division with no or incorrect answer
M1M1A0
Embedded 3.5 with no or incorrect answer
M1M1A0
\(10x - 5 = 6x + 9\) \(10x - 6x = 9 - 5\) \(x = 1\) (exactly one error in line 2)
M1 M0 A1ft
\(7x - 5 = 6x + 9\) \(7x - 6x = 9 + 5\) \(x = 14\) (exactly one error in line 1)
Award the mark for an embedded answer only if the answer is selected eg1 \(7 \times 8 = 56\) with no answer or with incorrect answer eg2 \(7 \times 8 = 56\) (with 8 circled) with no contradictory answer
B0 B1
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Comments
7
B1
Additional guidance
\(25 - 18 = 7\)
B1
\(18 - 25 = 7\) (allow recovery)
B1
Answer of \(\;-7\) (unless recovered)
B0
Answer of \(\;7y\) (unless recovered)
B0
Award the mark for an embedded answer only if the answer is selected eg1 \(25 - 7 = 18\) with no answer or with incorrect answer eg2 \(25 - 7 = 18\) (with 7 circled) with no contradictory answer
25 Towns \(P\), \(Q\) and \(R\) are connected by roads \(PQ\), \(PR\) and \(QR\).
\(PR\) is 10 km longer than \(PQ\). \(QR\) is twice as long as \(PR\). The total length of the three roads is 170 km
Not drawn accurately
Work out the length of \(PQ\). [4 marks]
Mark scheme
Answer
Mark
Comments
Alternative method 1 – PQ as the unknown
\(x + 10\) or \(2(x + 10)\)
M1
any unknown
\(x + x + 10 + 2(x + 10) = 170\)
M1dep
oe any consistent unknown \(x\) + their two expressions (with at least one correct) = 170
\(4x + 30 = 170\)
M1dep
oe \(4x = 140\) must be correct
35
A1
Alternative method 2 – PR as the unknown
\(x - 10\) or \(2x\)
M1
any unknown
\(x + x - 10 + 2x = 170\)
M1dep
oe any consistent unknown \(x\) + their two expressions (with at least one correct) = 170
\(4x - 10 = 170\) or \(x = 45\)
M1dep
oe \(4x = 180\) must be correct
35
A1
Alternative method 3 – QR as the unknown
\(\dfrac{x}{2}\) or \(\dfrac{x}{2} - 10\)
M1
any unknown
\(x + \dfrac{x}{2} + \dfrac{x}{2} - 10 = 170\)
M1dep
oe any consistent unknown \(x\) + their two expressions (with at least one correct) = 170
\(2x - 10 = 170\) or \(x = 90\)
M1dep
oe \(2x = 180\) must be correct
35
A1
Alternative method 4 – trial and improvement with addition of three lengths
A correctly evaluated trial with a difference of 10 (km) between the two shorter lengths and the longest length twice the length of the middle length
M1
may be seen as a subtraction of three numbers from 170
A different correctly evaluated trial with a difference of 10 (km) between the two shorter lengths and the longest length twice the length of the middle length
M1dep
may be seen as a subtraction of three numbers from 170
35, 45 and 90
A1
35
A1
Alternative method 5 – trial and improvement with subtraction from 170
A correctly evaluated trial of two lengths subtracted from 170 with a difference of 10 (km) between the two lengths or one length twice the length of the other
M1
A different correctly evaluated trial of two lengths subtracted from 170 with a difference of 10 (km) between the two lengths or one length twice the length of the other
M1dep
35, 45 and 90
A1
35
A1
Additional guidance
If the student attempts more than one method, mark each method and award the highest mark
Alt 1 \(\quad PQ + PQ + 10 + 2(PQ + 10) = 170\)
M1M1
Alt 1 \(\quad PQ + PQ + 10 + 2PR = 170\)
M1
Alt 2 \(\quad x\), \(x + 10\) and \(2x\) seen on diagram, \(4x + 10 = 170\)
M1M1M0A0
Alt 4 \(\quad 35 + 45 + 90\) with no choice made
M1M1A1A0
Alt 4 \(\quad 170 - 30 - 40 - 80 = 20\)
M1
Alt 4 \(\quad 170 - 30 - 40 - 60 = 40\) incorrect number is doubled
17 In a bag there are 10p coins, 20p coins and 50p coins.
There are two fewer 20p coins than 10p coins. There are five more 50p coins than 10p coins.
(a) Complete the table. [1 mark]
Coin
Number of coins
10p
\(n\)
20p
\(n - 2\)
50p
(b) Altogether, there are 60 coins.
Work out the total value of the 20p coins. [4 marks]
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Mark
Comments
\(n + 5\) or \(5 + n\)
B1
oe eg \(N - 2 + 7\)
Additional guidance
Letters other than \(n\) or \(N\) eg \(x + 5\)
B0
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Mark
Comments
\(n + n - 2 +\) their \((n + 5)\) or \(3n + 3\)
M1
condone any letter ft their algebraic expression in (a)
\(3n + 3 = 60\) or \((n =)\ 19\) or \((n - 2 =)\ 17\)
M1dep
ft their algebraic expression in (a) correct ft equation with terms on LHS collected 19 10p coins or 17 20p coins or 19, 17, 24 chosen implies M2
(their \(19 - 2) \times 0.2\) or their \(17 \times 0.2\) or 3.4 or (their \(19 - 2) \times 20\) or their \(17 \times 20\) or 340
M1dep
ft their algebraic expression in (a) 3.4 or 340 implies M3
3.40
A1
condone 3.40p SC2 answer 17
Additional guidance
Allow a restart in this part ie answer £3.40 scores full marks
Working may be seen by the table
Answer 340p
M1M1M1A0
£3.40 with answer eg £17.30 (total of all coins)
M1M1M1A0
Only follow through their algebraic expression from (a) if an expression and / or equation for the total number of coins is used in this part
Award the M mark(s) for a correct ft expression or equation even if not subsequently used
The solution to an equation derived from an incorrect expression in (a) can score the first three marks eg answer in (a) \(n - 5\) then working in (b) \(\quad n + n - 2 + n - 5 = 60 \quad n = [22, 23]\) \(([22, 23] - 2) \times 0.2 = [4, 4.20]\)
9 Towns \(P\), \(Q\) and \(R\) are connected by roads \(PQ\), \(PR\) and \(QR\).
\(PR\) is 10 km longer than \(PQ\). \(QR\) is twice as long as \(PR\). The total length of the three roads is 170 km
Not drawn accurately
Work out the length of \(PQ\). [4 marks]
Mark scheme
Answer
Mark
Comments
Alternative method 1 – PQ as the unknown
\(x + 10\) or \(2(x + 10)\)
M1
any unknown
\(x + x + 10 + 2(x + 10) = 170\)
M1dep
oe any consistent unknown \(x\) + their two expressions (with at least one correct) = 170
\(4x + 30 = 170\)
M1dep
oe \(4x = 140\) must be correct
35
A1
Alternative method 2 – PR as the unknown
\(x - 10\) or \(2x\)
M1
any unknown
\(x + x - 10 + 2x = 170\)
M1dep
oe any consistent unknown \(x\) + their two expressions (with at least one correct) = 170
\(4x - 10 = 170\) or \(x = 45\)
M1dep
oe \(4x = 180\) must be correct
35
A1
Alternative method 3 – QR as the unknown
\(\dfrac{x}{2}\) or \(\dfrac{x}{2} - 10\)
M1
any unknown
\(x + \dfrac{x}{2} + \dfrac{x}{2} - 10 = 170\)
M1dep
oe any consistent unknown \(x\) + their two expressions (with at least one correct) = 170
\(2x - 10 = 170\) or \(x = 90\)
M1dep
oe \(2x = 180\) must be correct
35
A1
Alternative method 4 – trial and improvement with addition of three lengths
A correctly evaluated trial witha difference of 10 (km) between the two shorter lengthsandthe longest length twice the length of the middle length
M1
may be seen as a subtraction of three numbers from 170
A different correctly evaluated trial witha difference of 10 (km) between the two shorter lengthsandthe longest length twice the length of the middle length
M1dep
may be seen as a subtraction of three numbers from 170
35, 45 and 90
A1
35
A1
Alternative method 5 – trial and improvement with subtraction from 170
A correctly evaluated trial of two lengths subtracted from 170 witha difference of 10 (km) between the two lengthsorone length twice the length of the other
M1
A different correctly evaluated trial of two lengths subtracted from 170 witha difference of 10 (km) between the two lengthsorone length twice the length of the other
M1dep
35, 45 and 90
A1
35
A1
Additional guidance
If the student attempts more than one method, mark each method and award the highest mark
Alt 1 \(\ PQ + PQ + 10 + 2(PQ + 10) = 170\)
M1M1
Alt 1 \(\ PQ + PQ + 10 + 2PR = 170\)
M1
Alt 2 \(\ x,\ x + 10\) and \(2x\) seen on diagram, \(4x + 10 = 170\)
M1M1M0A0
Alt 4 35 + 45 + 90 with no choice made
M1M1A1A0
Alt 4 170 – 30 – 40 – 80 = 20
M1
Alt 4 170 – 30 – 40 – 60 = 40 incorrect number is doubled
their \(12x - 2x = -5 +\) their 8 or \(10x = 3\) or their \(-8 + 5 = 2x -\) their \(12x\) or \(-3 = -10x\)
M1
Collecting two terms in \(x\) and two constant terms correctly oe eg \(10x - 3 = 0\)
0.3 or \(\dfrac{3}{10}\)
A1ft
ft M1M0 or M0M1 with exactly one error
Alternative method 2
\(\dfrac{x}{2} - \dfrac{5}{4}\)
M1
\(3x -\) their \(\dfrac{x}{2}\) = their \(-\dfrac{5}{4} + 2\) or \(\dfrac{5}{2}x = \dfrac{3}{4}\) or \(-2 +\) their \(\dfrac{5}{4}\) = their \(\dfrac{x}{2} - 3x\) or \(-\dfrac{3}{4} = -\dfrac{5}{2}x\)
M1
Collecting two terms in \(x\) and two constant terms correctly oe eg \(\dfrac{5}{2}x - \dfrac{3}{4} = 0\)
their \(12x - 2x = -5 +\) their 8 or \(10x = 3\) or their \(-8 + 5 = 2x -\) their \(12x\) or \(-3 = -10x\)
M1
Collecting two terms in \(x\) and two constant terms correctly oe eg \(10x - 3 = 0\)
0.3 or \(\dfrac{3}{10}\)
A1ft
ft M1M0 or M0M1 with exactly one error
Alternative method 2
\(\dfrac{x}{2} - \dfrac{5}{4}\)
M1
\(3x -\) their \(\dfrac{x}{2} =\) their \(-\dfrac{5}{4} + 2\) or \(\dfrac{5}{2}x = \dfrac{3}{4}\) or \(-2 +\) their \(\dfrac{5}{4} =\) their \(\dfrac{x}{2} - 3x\) or \(-\dfrac{3}{4} = -\dfrac{5}{2}x\)
M1
Collecting two terms in \(x\) and two constant terms correctly oe eg \(\dfrac{5}{2}x - \dfrac{3}{4} = 0\)
12 You may use these kinematics formulae to answer this question.
\(v = u + at\) \(s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2\)
where \(a\) is the constant acceleration, \(u\) is the initial velocity, \(v\) is the final velocity, \(s\) is the displacement and \(t\) is the time taken.
A particle has an initial velocity of 2 m/s. After 6 seconds the particle has a velocity of 11 m/s. The particle had constant acceleration.
Work out the distance the particle has travelled in the 6 seconds. [4]
Mark scheme
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
39
4
B2 for [\(a\) =] 1.5 oe or M1 for \(11 = 2 + 6a\) or better
M1 for \(2 \times 6 + \frac{1}{2} \times\) their a \(\times 6^2\) or better
22 In this question, all lengths are in centimetres.
The diagram shows an isosceles triangle ABC. AB = AC.
Not to scale
Find the perimeter of the triangle. You must show your working. [6]
Mark scheme
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
28[cm] with correct working
6
Correct working requires evidence of at least M1M1A1M1 or M1M1A1M2
M1 for \(5x + 4 = 3x + 7\) M1 for \(5x - 3x = 7 - 4\) oe
FT their equation if wrong sides equated Accept only: \(4x - 1 = 5x + 4\) or \(4x - 1 = 3x + 7\)
A1 for \(x = 1.5\) oe
After M1, \(x = 1.5\) implies M1M1A1
Do not penalise if their value of \(x\) is not subsequently used in their work leading to an algebraic final answer e.g. \(12x + 10\).
M1 for \(5x + 4 + 3x + 7 + 4x - 1\) soi
implied by \(12x + 10\)
M1 for substitution of their \(x\) into \(5x + 4\) or \(3x + 7\) or \(4x - 1\) or their \(12x + 10\)
their \(x\) must be > 0 and clearly stated as \(x =\)…. Substitution of their \(x\) into \(5x + 4\), \(3x + 7\) and \(4x - 1\) and then adding implies M1 M1.
If 0 or 1 scored, instead award SC2 for answer 28 If 0 scored, instead award SC1 for \(x = 1.5\)
Alternative method using trials:
In all trials \(x\) must be > 0 M1M1A1 for both \(5x + 4\) and \(3x + 7\) correctly evaluated with \(x = 1.5\) or M1M1 for three correctly evaluated trials of both \(5x + 4\) and \(3x + 7\) with consistent value of \(x\) or M1 for two correctly evaluated trials of both \(5x + 4\) and \(3x + 7\) with consistent value of \(x\) AND M2 dep on at least M1 for their \(x\) substituted into their \(12x + 10\) oe or M1 dep on at least M1 for their \(x\) substituted into \(4x - 1\) M1 dep on previous M1 adding their three lengths
14 Five adults and two children go to a theme park. The cost of an adult ticket is £6 more than the cost of a child ticket. The total cost of the seven tickets is £142.
Work out the cost of an adult ticket. You must show your working. [5]
Mark scheme
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
22 with correct working
5
Correct answer from trials scores 5 “Correct working” requires evidence of at least 3 method marks
M2 for 142 – 30 or M1 for \(6 \times 5\) used, may be implied by use 30
M1 for their \((142 - 30) \div 7\)
M1 for their\((142 - 30) \div 7 + 6\)
Simultaneous Equations M1 for \(5a + 2c = 142\) M1 for \(a - c = 6\)
M1 for correct method to equate coefficients of one variable, allow one arithmetic error
M1 for correct method to eliminate one variable, allow one arithmetic error
Trials: M3 for correctly evaluated trial using [\(a =\)] 22 and [\(c =\)] 16 or M2 for two correctly evaluated trials where \(c = a - 6\) or M1 for one correctly evaluated trial where \(c = a - 6\)
If 0 or 1 scored, instead award SC2 for 22 with no working or insufficient working
If 0 scored instead award SC1 for 16 with no working or insufficient working
9 The next term in a Fibonacci sequence is found by adding together the previous two terms.
In a particular Fibonacci sequence:
the first term is 3
the second term is \(x\).
(a) Show that the fifth term in the sequence is \(6 + 3x\). [2]
(b) The sixth term in the sequence is 74. Find the value of \(x\). [4]
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
\(3 + x\)
1
\(3 + x + 3 + 2x\) [\(= 6 + 3x\)]
1
Intent to add correct successive algebraic terms must be clearly conveyed egA list of the terms 3, \(x\), \(3 + x\), \(3 + 2x\), \(6 + 3x\) is insufficient for the second mark but scores the first mark for \(3 + x\)
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
13 nfww
4
M2 for \(9 + 5x = 74\) or M1 for \(3 + 2x + 6 + 3x\) or better
M1 FT for [\(x =\)] \(\frac{74 - \textit{their } 9}{\textit{their } 5}\)
M2 may be subsequently implied by arithmetic working
FT must be from \(ax + b = c\) May be seen in stages as two arithmetic steps or as formal algebra
23 The diagram shows an equilateral triangle and a rectangle.
Not to scale
The equilateral triangle has the same perimeter as the rectangle.
Find the value of \(a\). [4]
Mark scheme
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
8
4
M2 for \(a + a + a + 5 + a + 5 = 42\) oe or M1 for \(3 \times 14\) oe or \(a + a + a + 5 + a + 5\) oe
AND
M1 for \(a = \frac{42 - 10}{4}\) oe or FTtheir equation of the form \(ka + c = d\) oe to \(a = \frac{d - c}{k}\) oe
Allow M2 if correct expression seen first and then incorrectly simplified before equation = 42
M1 implied by 42 or \(4a + 10\) oe
FT only from written equation Where \(k\), \(c\) and \(d\) are positive integers and \(k \gt 1\) Allow M1 for one trial into \(2(a + 5) + 2a\) evaluated correctly
21 The diagram shows a rectangle with length \((3x - 4)\) cm and width \((x + 2)\) cm.
Not to scale
The length of the rectangle is twice the width of the rectangle.
Calculate the area of the rectangle. You must show your working. [6]
Mark scheme
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
200 with correct working
6
M1 for \(2(x + 2) = 3x - 4\) oe M1 for reaching \(ax = b\) FT their equation A1 for \(x = 8\) OR Trials M1 for one trial into \(2(x + 2)\) and \(3x - 4\) evaluated correctly M1 for two trials of \(2(x + 2)\) and \(3x - 4\) evaluated correctly A1 for [\(w =\)] 10 and [\(l =\)] 20 AND M2 for (their \(x\) \(+ 2) \times (3 \times\) their \(x\) \(- 4)\) or M1 for (their \(x\) \(+ 2)\) or \((3 \times\) their \(x\) \(- 4)\)
If 0 or M1 scored, instead allow SC2 for answer 200 with no or insufficient working If 0 scored, instead allow SC1 for \(x = 8\) with no or insufficient working
“Correct working” requires evidence of at least M1M1A1 or alternate convincing approach
FT from an equation with \(x\) on both sides only.
their \(x\) must be a positive integer and stated
their \(x\) or their length/width may be on the diagram
When the input of each function is 6, the output of Function A is equal to the output of Function B.
Work out the value of \(p\) in Function B. [4]
Mark scheme
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
7 nfww
4
M3 for \(6p - 8\) and their \((6 \times 5 + 4)\) correctly used together or \(34 + 8 = 6p\) or \((34 + 8) \div 6\) or \(6 \times 7 - 8 = 34\) OR M1 for \(6 \times 5 + 4\) may be implied by 34 M1 for \(6p - 8\) or \(34 + 8\) or for one correctly evaluated trial
Finley hired a motorhome and travelled 560 miles. The total cost of hiring the motorhome was £916.
Calculate how many days Finley hired the motorhome for. You must show your working. [5]
Mark scheme
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
6 with correct working
5
M1 for \(560 \times 0.6\) or \(560 \times 60\) M1 for \(916 - 130\) or \(916 -\) their \((560 \times 0.6)\) M1 for \(916 - (130 +\) their \((560 \times 0.6))\) M1 for \((916 - (130 +\) their \((560 \times 0.6))) \div 90\)
Trials M4 for \(560 \times 0.6 + 5 \times 90 + 130 = 916\) oe or M3 for two trials of the form \(560 \times 0.6 + n \times 90 + 130\) oe seen and correctly evaluated where \(n \geqslant 1\), \(n \ne 5\) or M2 for one trial of the form \(560 \times 0.6 + n \times 90 + 130\) seen and correctly evaluated where \(n \geqslant 1\), \(n \ne 5\) or M1 for \(560 \times 0.6\) [\(+\ldots\)]
If 0, 1 or 2 scored, instead award SC3 for answer 6 with no working or insufficient working If 0 or 1 scored, instead award SC2 for answer 5 with no working or insufficient working If 0 scored, SC1 for 450 with no working or insufficient working
“Correct working” requires evidence of at least M3 or M1 M1 M1
Their \(560 \times 0.6\) may be \(560 \times 60\) with an attempt to convert to pounds
\(\div 90\) may be repeated subtraction or addition
egs for Trial and +90s M4 for \(560 \times 0.6 + 3 \times 90 + 130 = 736\) and \(736 + 90 + 90 = 916\) M3 for \(560 \times 0.6 + 3 \times 90 + 130 = 736\) and \(736 + 90 = 826\) M2 for \(560 \times 0.6 + 3 \times 90 + 130 = 736\) M1 for \(560 \times 0.6\) [\(+\ldots\)]
For trials and trials + 90s, accept correct rearrangements that have a target of 786, 580 or 450 rather than 916
21 The length of a word is classed as short, medium or long depending on the number of characters in the word.
This table shows the percentage, in terms of \(x\), of each word length found in a book.
Length of word
Percentage (%)
Short
\(2x + 5\)
Medium
\(3x - 1\)
Long
\(x\)
Find the percentage of words in this book which are classed as short words. You must show your working. [5]
Mark scheme
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
37 with correct working
5
M1 for \(2x + 5 + 3x - 1 + x = 100\) may be implied by a subsequent correct equation
M1 for simplifying their equation to \(ax + b = c\) or \(6x + 4 = 100\)
M1 for the first correct step in solving their \(ax + b = c\)
and
M1 for substituting their 16 into \(2x + 5\)
OR
M3 for one complete correct evaluation of \(2x + 5 + 3x - 1 + x = 100\) or M2 for one complete correct evaluation of \(2x + 5 + 3x - 1 + x =\) a total or M1 for one correct evaluation of each expression \(2x + 5\) [+] \(3x - 1\) [+] \(x\)
If 0, 1 or 2 scored, instead award SC3 for answer 37 with no or insufficient working
If 0 or 1 scored, instead award SC2 for \(x = 16\) with no or insufficient working
“Correct working” requires evidence of first method and at least M1 and \(x = 16\) or M3 if using trials or M2M1 for non-algebraic method Three separate expressions are not enough
Ignore inclusion of % in working
\(6x + 4 = 100\) scores M1M1
e.g. \(6x = 100 - 4\) \(6x = 96\) scores M1M1M1
For M marks with trials: allow each term or each expression from the question evaluated separately e.g. (Use 10) 20 + 5 + 30 – 1 + 10 = 64 or 25 (+) 29 (+) 10 = 64
(a) Write an algebraic expression for the output of function A when the input is \(x\). [1]
(b) Here is a composite function C.
The input to function C is \(x\). The output from function C is \(2x + 1\).
Find the value of \(x\). You must show your working. [5]
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
\(3(x + 5)\) oe final answer
1
Equivalent includes \(3x + 15\)
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
\(-7\) with correct working
5
accept any correct method
B1 for [output = ] 2 × their{\(3(x + 5)\)} – 1 oe or output through inverse of B as \(x + 1\)
B1dep for their {2× \(3(x + 5)\) – 1} = \(2x + 1\) oe or output through inverse of A as \(\frac{x + 1}{3} - 5\) or \(x + 1\) = their {\(3(x + 5)\)}
M1 for e.g. their \(6x + 30 - 1 = 2x + 1\) or their \(3x = x + 1 - 15\) or inverse method \(\frac{x + 1}{3} - 5 = x\) M1 for their {\(4x = -28\) or \(-2x = 14\)} oe
Alternative method using trials M2 for at least two complete correct evaluations of both \(6x + 29\) oe(or functions) and \(2x + 1\) or M1 at least one complete correct evaluation of both \(6x + 29\) oe and \(2x + 1\)
If 0 or 1 scored SC3 for answer \(-7\) with no or insufficient working
“Correct working” requires evidence of at least B1B1 or B1M1 or M2 if using trials
B1 implied by \(2 \times 3(x + 5) - 1\) or better e.g. \(6x + 30 - 1\)
The first M1 is for dealing with bracket(s) correctly in a linear equation and the second M1 is for correctly getting the linear equation, with \(x\)’s on both sides, into the form \(ax = b\). We can only follow through an equation with \(x\)’s on both sides for M1 or \(x\)’s on both sides and a bracket for M2.
Work out the numbers. You must show your working. [5]
Mark scheme
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
[127] 148 149 296 in any order With correct working
5
M3 for \(4x\) and 592 or for \((180 \times 4 - 127 - 1) \div 4\) A1 for 148
“correct working” requires at least M2
\(180 \times 4\) can be implied by 720 throughout
or M2 for a correct algebraic expression and correct constant or for \(180 \times 4 - 127\ [-\ 1]\) or for \(127 + 148 + 149 + 296 = 180 \times 4\) oe or for trials leading to the correct answer
eg \(127 + x + x + 1 + 2x\) and 720; \(4x + 1\) and 593 Do not accept \(x\), \(2x\) or \(x + 1\) as correct algebraic expressions for M2
Condone e.g. \(127 + x + x + 1 + 2x \div 4\) for M1
or M1 for \(127 + x + x + 1 + 2x\) nfww or \(180 \times 4\) or 720
Mark to candidates advantage
If 0 or 1 scored, instead award SC2 for 148 149 296 in any order with no or insufficient working
15 A rectangle is three times as long as it is wide. It has a perimeter of 44 cm.
Find the length of the rectangle. [4]
Mark scheme
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
16.5
4
B3 for 5.5 [cm] nfww or M2 for \(3x + x + 3x + x = 44\) or better or \(44 \div 8\) oe or M1 for \(3x\) [as length] and \(x\) [as width] or \(4x\) [as length + width] or \(8x\) [as perimeter]
OR Using trial length and width with length \(= 3 \times\) width M1 for a perimeter found M1 for a second perimeter closer to 44
24 In this question, all lengths are in centimetres.
Here is a square.
Not to scale
Find the length of one side of the square when \(b = 4\). [6]
Mark scheme
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
18 nfww
6
B4 for \(2a = 5\) OR M3 for \(6a - 4a = 8 - 4 + 1\) or better or M2 for \(6a + 4 - 1 = 4a + 2 \times 4\) or better or \(6a - 4a = 2b - b + 1\) or better or M1 for \(6a + b - 1 = 4a + 2b\)
AND
M1dep for correct substitution of 4 and their 2.5 in \(4a + 2b\) or \(6a + b - 1\)
Isolating \(a\)
Expect \(6a + 3 = 4a + 8\) Expect \(2a = b + 1\)
Dependent on at least M1 or B4 May be implied by 10 + 8 or 15 + 3
7.5 or \(7\dfrac{1}{2}\) or \(\dfrac{15}{2}\) final answer
2
M1 for first correct step \(4x = 35 - 5\) or better or \(x + \dfrac{5}{4} = \dfrac{35}{4}\) or better
Do not accept embedded answers Accept a fully correct flowchart or working for M1 eg \(x \to \times 4 \to +5 \to 35\) \(\phantom{eg }x \leftarrow \div 4 \leftarrow -5 \leftarrow 35\) or \((35 - 5) \div 4\) may be in stages
(a) Find an algebraic expression for the output of the inverse of function A when the input is \(x\). [2]
(b) Here is a composite function C.
Find the value \(x\) when \(z = 4x\). [5]
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
\(\dfrac{x + 2}{3}\) or \(\dfrac{x}{3} + \dfrac{2}{3}\) final answer
2
M1 for \(y + 2 = 3x\) or \(x + 2 = 3y\) or for \(x = 3y - 2\) or for \([x =]\ \dfrac{y + 2}{3}\)
If 0 scored, SC1 for answer \(y = \dfrac{x}{2} - 7\)
For 2 marks, condone answer \(y = \dfrac{x + 2}{3}\) Allow M1 for correct reverse flowchart with arrows reversed ← ÷ 3 ← + 2 ←
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
−5
5
For method marks, condone inclusion of multiplication signs Method must be seen in working space for part (b) If brackets omitted then allow recovery for method
M3 for \(2(3x - 2 + 7) = 4x\) oe or \(\dfrac{2x - 7 + 2}{3} = x\) oe
or M2 for \(2(3x - 2 + 7)\) oe seen or \(\dfrac{2x - 7 + 2}{3}\) oe seen
or M1 for \(3x - 2\) or \(3x + 5\) oe seen or \(2x - 7\) or \(2x - 5\) oe seen
For M3 eg \(2x - 7 = 3x - 2\)
M1dep for correct rearrangement of their eqn with at least 2 terms in \(x\) to \(ax + b = 0\) or better
M1dep on at least M1 earned previously e.g. \(2(3x - 2) + 7\) [\(= 4x\)] scores M1 and then can earn M1 dep if they then correctly rearrange to \(ax = b\)
B2 for answer \(ka^{11}\) or \(\dfrac{6a^{13}}{a^2}\) or \(6 \times a^6 \times a^5\) or \(6 \times a^8 \times a^3\) shown in working OR B1 for answer \(6a^k\) or \(ka^{13}\) or for \(3a^8 \times 2a^3\) or \(3a^6 \times 2a^5\) shown in working
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
2.5 or \(2\frac{1}{2}\) or \(\frac{5}{2}\)
3
M1 for correct first step e.g. \(6x - 10 = 5\)
Do not accept \(\frac{15}{6}\) as final answer but allow to imply M1M1 Embedded answer scores M2 max
M1 for \(6x = 5 + 10\) FT their first step or for FT their \(ax = b\) to \(x = \dfrac{b}{a}\)
where \(\frac{b}{a}\) is a simplified fraction (improper or mixed number) or an integer e.g. M1 for \(6x = 1\) leading to \(x = \frac{1}{6}\)
Write an algebraic expression, in terms of \(x\), for the input of function A. [2]
(b) A number, \(k\), is put into function A. The output is also \(k\).
Find the value of \(k\). [3]
Mark scheme (a)
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
\(\dfrac{x}{5} - 14\) oe
2
M1 for \(\dfrac{x}{5}\)
If 0 scored then SC1 for \(\dfrac{x - 14}{5}\) oe
Condone use of another letter for M1 max
Must use \(x\) in SC1 0 for \(x - 14 \div 5\)
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
−17.5 or \(-\dfrac{35}{2}\) oe nfww
3
M1 for 5(‘\(k\)’ + 14) = ‘\(k\)’ or ‘\(k\)’ = \(\dfrac{k}{5} - 14\) M1FT for 4’\(k\)’ = −70 or better or re-arrangement of their comparable f(\(k\)) = g(\(k\)) equation into the form \(ak = b\).
M1FT solving their \(ak = b\)
eg \(5k + 14 = k\) becomes \(4k = -14\) and then \(k = -3.5\) scores M0 M1FT M1FT \(k + 70 = k\) is not comparable
Answers may be in decimal or fractional form but fractions equating to integers should be simplified
Alternative (FT as above): M1 for ‘\(k\)’ = \(\dfrac{k}{5} - 14\) M1FT for \(\dfrac{4k}{5}\) = −14 or better M1FT solving their \(ak = b\)
M1 for \(8x = 46 + 6\) or better or \(x = \dfrac{b}{a}\) from their \(ax = b\) \(a \ne 1\)
Accept \(6\frac{1}{2}\) or \(\dfrac{13}{2}\)
must be an equation Accept a fully correct flow chart for M1
Mark scheme (b)
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
\(-6\) and \(-5\) final answer
3
B2 for \((x + 6)(x + 5)\) Or M1 for \((x \pm a)(x \pm b)\) where \((a + b) = 11\) or \((ab) = 30\) or pairs of factors giving two correct terms may be implied in a table And B1 for correct solutions FTtheir quadratic factors
6 This rectangle has length \((4x - 5)\) cm and width \((x + 3)\) cm.
Not to scale
The perimeter of the rectangle is 46 cm.
Calculate the area of the rectangle.
........................................ cm2[5]
Mark scheme
Answer
Marks
Part marks and guidance
120
5
B3 for \(x = 5\) OR M1 for \(x + 3 + x + 3 + 4x - 5 + 4x - 5\) [= 46] oe M1 for \(10x = 46 + 4\) FT their linear eqn M1 for 50 ÷10 FT their \(ax = b\) M1 for (4 × their \(x\) – 5) × (their \(x\) + 3)
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