Question Bank › IGCSE Algebra › Simplifying Basic Expressions
Simplifying Basic Expressions Topic Simplifying Basic Expressions (23) Expanding Brackets (19) Substitution (16) Drawing & Using Graphs (18) Solving Simple Equations (37) Factorising (30) Algebraic Fractions (3) Linear Graphs & Gradients (32) Forming Equations (14) Solving Quadratics (7) Differentiation (3) Quadratic Inequalities (3) Linear Inequalities (27) Simultaneous Equations (20) Completing the Square (2) Functions (6) Graphical Transformations (4) Indices (25) Manipulating Formulae/ Changing the Subject (17) Sequences (19) Course Support Current PowerPoint version
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Foundation June 2025 Paper 1R Q5
5
(a) Simplify \(\quad 4e \times 7f\) (1)
(b) Simplify \(\quad d \times d \times d \times d \times d\) (1)
(c) Simplify \(\quad 3a + 2k + a - 7k\) (2)
(d) Solve \(\quad x + 6 = 15\) (1)
(e) Solve \(\quad 2r - 9 = 14\) (2)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Mark scheme (e)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Scheme Marks \(4a - 5k\) B2 (2)
Notes B2: for \(4a - 5k\) (B1 for \(4a\) or \(-5k\) or \(4a + -5k\))
Mark scheme (d) Mark scheme (e) Scheme Marks \(2r = 14 + 9\) or \(2r = 23\) oe or (14 + 9) ÷ 2 or 2 × 11.5 – 9 = 14 M1 Correct answer scores full marks (unless from obvious incorrect working) Answer: 11.5A1 (2) (7 marks)
Notes M1: for a correct first stepor a correct calculation for \(r\)
A1: for 11.5 or \(\dfrac{23}{2}\) or \(11\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Foundation June 2025 Paper 2R Q5
5
(a) Simplify \(\quad a + a + a + a + a\) (1)
(b) Simplify \(\quad b \times c \times 7\) (1)
(c) Solve \(\quad 5d = 40\) (1)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Scheme Marks 8 B1 (1) (3 marks)
Foundation June 2025 Paper 1 Q4
4
(a) Simplify \(\quad 4 \times 5e\) (1)
(b) Solve \(\quad f + 14 = 29\) (1)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Scheme Marks 15 B1 (1) (2 marks)
Foundation June 2025 Paper 2 Q3
3
(a) Simplify \(\quad d + d + d + d\) (1)
(b) Simplify \(\quad w \times w \times w \times w \times w\) (1)
(c) Solve \(\quad 6x = 42\) (1)
(d) Simplify \(\quad 7r + 9y + 3r - 4y\) (2)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Scheme Marks \(10r + 5y\) B2 (2) (5 marks)
Notes B2: for \(10r + 5y\) (B1 for \(10r\) or for (+)\(5y\))
Foundation November 2024 Paper 2 Q8
8
(a) Simplify \(\quad 7g + 3h + 4g - 5h\) (2)
(b) Simplify \(\quad 7a \times 4m\) (1)
(c) Solve \(\quad 5x - 7 = 12\) (2)
(d) Expand \(\quad 5(7k + 3)\) (1)
(e) Factorise \(\quad 9y + 12\) (1)
Max has \(c\) counters. Bulan has 3 times as many counters as Max. Chanda has 7 more counters than Max.
(f) Write an expression, in terms of \(c\), for the total number of counters that Max, Bulan and Chanda have. Simplify your answer. (3)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Mark scheme (e) Mark scheme (f)
Mark scheme (a) Scheme Marks \(11g - 2h\) B2 (2)
Notes B2: B1 for one correct term (B1 for \(11g + -2h\))
Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Scheme Marks \(5x = 12 + 7\) oe or \((12 + 7) \div 5\) M1 Correct answer scores full marks (unless from obvious incorrect working) Answer: 3.8A1 (2)
Notes M1: A correct equation with number terms one side and \(x\) the otheror for a correct process to find \(x\)
A1: oe \(\dfrac{19}{5}\) or \(3\dfrac{4}{5}\)
Mark scheme (d) Scheme Marks \(35k + 15\) B1 (1)
Notes B1: or \(15 + 35k\) allow \(35x + 15\)
Mark scheme (e) Scheme Marks \(3(3y + 4)\) B1 (1)
Notes B1: allow \(3(3y + 4\) or \(3(3x + 4)\)
Mark scheme (f) Scheme Marks \(3c\) (allow \(3 \times c\) or \(c3\)) or \(c + 7\) M1 \(c + 3c + c + 7\) M1 Correct answer scores full marks (unless from obvious incorrect working) Answer: \(5c + 7\)A1 (3) (10 marks)
Notes M1: allow \(3c + 7\)
M1: correct unsimplified expression
A1: allow \(5 \times c + 7\)
Foundation November 2024 Paper 1 Q5
5
(a) Simplify \(\quad 8d - 4d + 7d\) (1)
(b) Simplify \(\quad m \times 10p\) (1)
(c) Solve \(\quad x + 5 = -19\) (1)
(d) Solve \(\quad \dfrac{y}{8} = 6\) (1)
(e) Simplify \(\quad a \times a \times a \times a\) (1)
\(k = 8\) and \(n = 12\)
(f) Work out the value of \(\quad 9k - 4n\) (2)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Mark scheme (e) Mark scheme (f)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Mark scheme (e) Mark scheme (f) Scheme Marks 9 × 8 or 72 and ±4 × 12 or ±48 M1 Correct answer scores full marks (unless from obvious incorrect working) Answer: 24A1 (2) (7 marks)
Foundation January 2022 Paper 1R Q7
7
(a) Simplify \(3c + 5d - c + 2d\) (2)
(b) Simplify \(8e \times 5f\) (1)
(c) Solve \(5r - 3 = 8\) (2)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c)
Mark scheme (a) Scheme Marks \(2c + 7d\) B2 (2)
Notes B2: (B1 for \(2c\) or \(7d\))
Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Scheme Marks \(5r = 8 + 3\) or \(5r = 11\) or \(-3 - 8 = -5r\) or
\(-11 = -5r\) or \(r - \dfrac{3}{5} = \dfrac{8}{5}\) or \((8 + 3) \div 5\)
M1 2.2 A1 (2) (5 marks)
Notes M1: for a correct first step or for a calculation for \(r\)
A1: oe
Foundation November 2021 Paper 1 Q7
7
(a) Solve \(\quad 5x = 20\) (1)
(b) Simplify \(\quad 3a \times 8b\) (1)
(c) Simplify \(\quad 8w - 4y + w - 3y\) (2)
(d) Factorise fully \(\quad 16 + 12t\) (2)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Notes B1: accept \(ab24\) etc. but no × signs
Mark scheme (c) Scheme Marks \(8w + w\) or \(-4y\ (+) -3y\) M1 \(9w - 7y\) A1 (2)
Notes M1: M1 for \(9w\) or \(-7y\)
Mark scheme (d) Scheme Marks \(4(4 + 3t)\) oe B2 (2) (6 marks)
Notes B2: if not B2 then B1 for \(2(8 + 6t)\)
Foundation November 2021 Paper 2 Q3
3
(a) Simplify \(\quad 4x + 5x - 2x\) (1)
(b) Simplify \(\quad 4p \times 7\) (1)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Scheme Marks \(28p\) B1 (1) (2 marks)
Foundation June 2021 Paper 2 Q8
8
(a) Simplify \(\quad w \times w \times w \times w \times w\) (1)
(b) Simplify \(\quad 5a \times 3c\) (1)
(c) Simplify \(\quad 3e + 2f - e + 5f\) (2)
(d) Solve \(\quad 5x - 7 = x + 12\) Show clear algebraic working. (3)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Notes B1: or \(a15c\) or \(ac15\) or \(c15a\) oe (NB: no multiplication signs)
Mark scheme (c) Scheme Marks \(2e + 7f\) B2 (2)
Notes B2: (B1 for \(2e\) or \(+7f\) or \(7f\) but not for \(-7f\)) Do not isw so if you see \(2e + 7f = 9ef\) award B1 only
Mark scheme (d) Scheme Marks eg \(5x - x = 12 + 7\) or \(-7 - 12 = x - 5x\) or \(4x - 7 = 12\) or \(5x = x + 19\) oe M1 \(4x = 19\) or \(-4x = -19\) M1 Working required Answer: 4.75A1 (3) (7 marks)
Notes M1: for rearrangement with \(x\) terms on one side and numerical terms on the other in a correct equation or the correct simplification of \(x\) terms or numbers on one side in a correct equation
M1: \(x\) terms simplified and number terms simplified correctly in an equation
A1: oe, eg \(\dfrac{19}{4}\) or \(4\dfrac{3}{4}\) dep on M1
Foundation June 2021 Paper 1 Q4
4
(a) Simplify \(\quad 3 \times 10d\) (1)
(b) Simplify \(\quad 8e + e - 5e\) (1)
(c) Solve \(\quad 6g = 42\) (1)
(d) Solve \(\quad 24 = 10 + h\) (1)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d)
Mark scheme (a) Notes B1: Allow \(d30\) but not \(30 \times d\)
Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Scheme Marks 14 B1 (1) (4 marks)
Foundation January 2021 Paper 1R Q8
8
(a) Simplify \(\;a \times a \times a \times a\) (1)
(b) Simplify \(\;4b \times 5c\) (1)
(c) Simplify \(\;6d + 2e + d - 5e\) (2)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Scheme Marks \(7d - 3e\) B2 (2) (4 marks)
Notes B2: (B1 for \(7d\) or \(-3e\) or \(7d + -3e\))
Foundation January 2021 Paper 2 Q7
7
(a) Simplify \(\;p + p + p + p + p + p\) (1)
(b) Simplify \(\;5y^2 + 6y^2 - 3y^2\) (1)
(c) Simplify \(\;e \times e \times e \times e \times e\) (1)
(d) Simplify \(\;5c \times 4d\) (1)
(e) Solve \(\;x - 7 = 19\) (1)
\(18^2 + 15^2 - 5^3 = 4n\)
(f) Work out the value of \(n\). (2)
(g) Factorise \(9t - 6\) (1)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Mark scheme (e) Mark scheme (f) Mark scheme (g)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Mark scheme (e) Mark scheme (f) Scheme Marks \(424 = 4n\) M1 106 A1 (2)
Notes M1: For 424 or 324 + 225 –125 with at most one error
A1: SCB1 for 524 or 674
Mark scheme (g) Scheme Marks \(3(3t - 2)\) B1 (1) (8 marks)
Foundation January 2021 Paper 1 Q7
7
(a) Simplify \(\;10x + 4y + 3x - 6y\) (2)
(b) Solve \(\;2n + 5 = 16\) (2)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b)
Mark scheme (a) Scheme Marks \(13x - 2y\) B2 (2)
Notes B2: accept \(-2y + 13x\) (B1 for \(13x\) or \(-2y\))
Mark scheme (b) Scheme Marks \(2n = 16 - 5\) or \(2n = 11\) oe or \((16 - 5) \div 2\) M1 5.5 A1 (2) (4 marks)
Notes M1: for a correct first stepor a correct calculation for \(n\)
A1: for 5.5 or \(\dfrac{11}{2}\) or \(5\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Foundation November 2020 Paper 1 Q7
7
(a) Simplify \(\;5c \times d\) (1)
(b) Solve \(\;x + 5 = 12\) (1)
(c) Solve \(\;9y = 36\) (1)
(d) Simplify \(\;8k + 5m - 2k + 6m\) (2)
(e) Expand \(\;4(3g + 1)\) (1)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Mark scheme (e)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Scheme Marks \(6k + 11m\) B2 (2)
Notes B2: If not B2 then award B1 for \(6k\) or \(11m\)
Mark scheme (e) Scheme Marks \(12g + 4\) B1 (1) (6 marks)
Foundation November 2020 Paper 1R Q5
5
(a) Simplify \(\quad w + w + w + w - w\) (1)
(b) Simplify \(\quad 4 \times a \times 2\) (1)
(c) Simplify \(\quad f \times f \times f \times f \times f\) (1)
(d) Simplify \(\quad 4c + 4h + 5c - 6h\) (2)
(e) Factorise \(\quad 10d + 15\) (1)
(f) Make \(t\) the subject of \(\quad e = 7t + g\) (2)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Mark scheme (e) Mark scheme (f)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Scheme Marks \(9c - 2h\) B2 (2)
Notes B2: (B1 for one correct term)
Mark scheme (e) Scheme Marks \(5(2d + 3)\) B1 (1)
Mark scheme (f) Scheme Marks \(e - g = 7t\) or \(\dfrac{e}{7} = t + \dfrac{g}{7}\) oe M1 \(t = \dfrac{e - g}{7}\) A1 (2) (8 marks)
Notes A1: oe e.g. \((e - g) \div 7\)
Foundation January 2020 Paper 2R Q12
12
(a) Simplify \(\;k + k + k + k\) (1)
\(f = 9 \times 9 \times 9 \times 9\)
(b) (i) Write \(f\) as a single power of 9
(ii) Write \(f\) as a single power of 3
(2) (c) Write \(\;5^{17} \times 5^2\;\) as a single power of 5 (1)
(d) Write 800 as a product of its prime factors. Show your working clearly. (2)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b)(i) Mark scheme (b)(ii) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b)(i) Mark scheme (b)(ii) Mark scheme (c) Scheme Marks \(5^{19}\) B1 (1)
Mark scheme (d) Scheme Marks M1 Working required Answer: 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5A1 (2) (6 marks)
Notes M1: A factor tree / division ladder of 3 or more factors (≠ 1), multiplying to 800, which must include 2 and 5. Condone 1 error when product ≠ 800
A1: Dep on M1 oe eg \(2^5 \times 5^2\)
Foundation January 2020 Paper 1 Q8
8
(a) Simplify \(\quad 6m - 2k + 5m - k\) (2)
\(P = 2a + 3b\)
(b) Work out the value of \(P\) when \(a = 5\) and \(b = 8\) (2)
\(P = 2a + 3b\)
(c) Work out the value of \(a\) when \(P = 16\) and \(b = 20\) (3)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c)
Mark scheme (a) Scheme Marks \(11m - 3k\) B2 (2)
Notes B2: If not B2 then award B1 for either \(11m\) or \(-3k\)
Mark scheme (b) Scheme Marks 2 × 5 + 3 × 8 or 10 + 24 M1 34 A1 (2)
Notes M1: for substituting the values of \(a\) and \(b\) into \(P\)
Mark scheme (c) Scheme Marks \(16 = 2a + 3 \times 20\) or \(16 = 2a + 60\)or \(P - 3b = 2a\) M1 \(16 - 60 = 2a\) \(-44 = 2a\) oe or or \(16 - 2 \times 30 = 2a\) or \(16 - 60 = 2a\) M1 −22 A1 (3) (7 marks)
Notes M1: for substituting the values of \(P\) and \(b\) into the equation or rearranging the equation \(P = 2a + 3b\) for \(2a\) correctly
M1: for rearranging the equation for \(2a\) correctly or substituting the values of \(P\) and \(b\) into the correctly rearranged equation
Foundation January 2020 Paper 1R Q6
6
(a) Simplify \(\;3r \times 5t\) (1)
(b) Solve \(\;4x + 5 = 27\) (2)
\(P = 7w - 5y\)
(c) Find the value of \(P\) when \(\;w = 2\;\) and \(\;y = 4\) (2)
\(Q = 2u^2 - 5\)
(d) Find the value of \(Q\) when \(\;u = -3\) (2)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Scheme Marks eg \((x =)\ (27 - 5) \div 4\) M1 5.5 A1 (2)
Notes M1: complete method
A1: oe
Mark scheme (c) Scheme Marks \(7 \times 2 - 5 \times 4\) M1 −6 A1 (2)
Mark scheme (d) Scheme Marks \(2 \times (-3)^2 - 5\) M1 13 A1 (2) (7 marks)
Foundation January 2020 Paper 2 Q5
5
(a) Simplify \(\quad 10a \times b\) (1)
(b) Solve \(\quad n + 3 = 7\) (1)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Scheme Marks 4 B1 (1) (2 marks)
Foundation January 2019 Paper 1R Q8
8
(a) Simplify \(5x + 4y - x - y\) (2)
(b) Solve \(2t + 3 = 12\) (2)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b)
Mark scheme (a) Scheme Marks \(4x + 3y\) B2 (2)
Notes B2: (B1 for \(4x\) or \(+\ 3y\))
Mark scheme (b) Scheme Marks \(2t = 12 - 3\) M1 4.5 A1 (2) (4 marks)
Notes M1: or for \(t + \dfrac{3}{2} = \dfrac{12}{2}\)
A1: oe
Foundation June 2018 Paper 1R Q8
8
(a) Simplify \(y \times y \times y\) (1)
(b) Simplify \(3c \times 2d\) (1)
(c) Simplify \(2k - 4k + 3k\) (1)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Scheme Marks \(k\) B1 (1) (3 marks)
Foundation June 2018 Paper 1 Q5
5
(a) Simplify \(6x + 8x - 3x\) (1)
(b) Simplify \(4e \times 5f\) (1)
(c) Solve \(8p = 24\) (1)
(d) Solve \(k - 4 = 13\) (1)
(e) Simplify \(10t + 4d - 3t + 2d\) (2)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Mark scheme (e)
Mark scheme (a) Mark scheme (b) Mark scheme (c) Mark scheme (d) Mark scheme (e) Scheme Marks \(7t + 6d\) B2 (2) (6 marks)
Notes B2: B1 for \(7t\) or (+) \(6d\)
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