C4 June 2017 Q4
4. The curve \(C\) has equation \[4x^2 - y^3 - 4xy + 2^y = 0\]
The point \(P\) with coordinates \((-2, 4)\) lies on \(C\).
The normal to \(C\) at \(P\) meets the \(y\)-axis at the point \(A\).
| Scheme | Marks |
|---|---|
| \(4x^2 - y^3 - 4xy + 2^y = 0\) | |
| Way 1 | |
| \(\left\{\dfrac{\cancel{\mathrm{d}y}}{\cancel{\mathrm{d}x}} \times\right\}\ \underline{8x - 3y^2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}} - \underline{\underline{4y - 4x\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}}} + \overline{\overline{2^y\ln 2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}}} \underline{= 0}\) | M1 A1 M1 \(\overline{\overline{\text{B1}}}\) |
| \(8(-2) - 3(4)^2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} - 4(4) - 4(-2)\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} + 2^4\ln 2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = 0\) dependent on the first M mark | dM1 |
| \(-16 - 48\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} - 16 + 8\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} + 16\ln 2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = 0\) | |
| \(\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = \dfrac{32}{-40 + 16\ln 2}\) or \(\dfrac{-32}{40 - 16\ln 2}\) or \(\dfrac{4}{-5 + 2\ln 2}\) or \(\dfrac{4}{-5 + \ln 4}\) or exact equivalent | A1 cso |
| NOTE: You can recover work for part (a) in part (b) | |
| (6) |
Notes
Note: For the first four marks
Writing down from no working
- \(\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = \dfrac{4y - 8x}{-3y^2 - 4x + 2^y\ln 2}\) or \(\dfrac{8x - 4y}{3y^2 + 4x - 2^y\ln 2}\) scores M1A1M1B1
- \(\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = \dfrac{8x - 4y}{-3y^2 - 4x + 2^y\ln 2}\) or \(\dfrac{4y - 8x}{3y^2 + 4x - 2^y\ln 2}\) scores M1A0M1B1
Writing \(8x\,\mathrm{d}x - 3y^2\,\mathrm{d}y - 4y\,\mathrm{d}x - 4x\,\mathrm{d}y + 2^y\ln 2\,\mathrm{d}y = 0\) scores M1A1M1B1
1st M1: Differentiates implicitly to include either \(\pm 4x\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\) or \(-y^3 \to \pm\lambda y^2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\) or \(2^y \to \pm\mu 2^y\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\) (Ignore \(\left(\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = \right)\)). \(\lambda, \mu\) are constants which can be 1
1st A1: Both \(4x^2 - y^3 \to 8x - 3y^2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\) and \(= 0 \to = 0\)
Note: e.g. \(8x - 3y^2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} - 4y - 4x\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} + 2^y\ln 2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} \to -3y^2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} - 4x\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} + 2^y\ln 2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = 4y - 8x\)
or e.g. \(-16 - 48\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} - 16 + 8\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} + 16\ln 2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} \to -48\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} + 8\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} + 16\ln 2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = 32\)
will get 1st A1 (implied) as the "\(= 0\)" can be implied by the rearrangement of their equation.
2nd M1: \(-4xy \to -4y - 4x\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\) or \(4y - 4x\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\) or \(-4y + 4x\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\) or \(4y + 4x\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\)
\(\overline{\overline{\text{B1}}}\): \(2^y \to 2^y\ln 2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\) or \(2^y \to \mathrm{e}^{y\ln 2}\ln 2\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\)
Note: If an extra term appears then award 1st A0
3rd dM1: dependent on the first M mark
For substituting \(x = -2\) and \(y = 4\) into an equation involving \(\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\)
Note: M1 can be gained by seeing at least one example of substituting \(x = -2\) and at least one example of substituting \(y = 4\) unless it is clear that they are instead applying \(x = 4\) and \(y = -2\)
Otherwise, you will NEED to check (with your calculator) that \(x = -2,\ y = 4\) that has been substituted into their equation involving \(\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\)
Note: A1 cso: If the candidate’s solution is not completely correct, then do not give this mark.
Note: isw: You can, however, ignore subsequent working following on from correct solution.
Way 2
| Scheme | Marks |
|---|---|
| \(\left\{\dfrac{\cancel{\mathrm{d}x}}{\cancel{\mathrm{d}y}} \times\right\}\ \underline{8x\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} - 3y^2} - \underline{\underline{4y\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} - 4x}} + \overline{\overline{2^y\ln 2}} \underline{= 0}\) | M1 A1 M1 \(\overline{\overline{\text{B1}}}\) |
| \(8(-2)\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} - 3(4)^2 - 4(4)\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} - 4(-2) + 2^4\ln 2 = 0\) dependent on the first M mark | dM1 |
| \(\dfrac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = \dfrac{32}{-40 + 16\ln 2}\) or \(\dfrac{-32}{40 - 16\ln 2}\) or \(\dfrac{4}{-5 + 2\ln 2}\) or \(\dfrac{4}{-5 + \ln 4}\) or exact equivalent | A1 cso |
| Note: You must be clear that Way 2 is being applied before you use this scheme | |
| (6) |
Way 2 notes
1st M1: Differentiates implicitly to include either \(\pm 4y\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y}\) or \(4x^2 \to \pm\lambda x\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y}\) (Ignore \(\left(\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} = \right)\)). \(\lambda\) is a constant which can be 1
1st A1: Both \(4x^2 - y^3 \to 8x\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} - 3y^2\) and \(= 0 \to = 0\)
2nd M1: \(-4xy \to -4y\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} - 4x\) or \(4y\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} - 4x\) or \(-4y\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} + 4x\) or \(4y\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} + 4x\)
\(\overline{\overline{\text{B1}}}\): \(2^y \to 2^y\ln 2\)
3rd dM1: dependent on the first M mark
For substituting \(x = -2\) and \(y = 4\) into an equation involving \(\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y}\)
| Scheme | Marks |
|---|---|
| e.g. \(m_N = \dfrac{-40 + 16\ln 2}{-32}\) or \(\dfrac{40 - 16\ln 2}{32}\) Applying \(m_N = \dfrac{-1}{m_T}\) to find a numerical \(m_N\). Can be implied by later working | M1 |
| \(\bullet\ y - 4 = \left(\dfrac{40 - 16\ln 2}{32}\right)(x - {-2})\) Cuts \(y\)-axis \(\Rightarrow x = 0 \Rightarrow y - 4 = \left(\dfrac{40 - 16\ln 2}{32}\right)(2)\) \(\bullet\ 4 = \left(\dfrac{40 - 16\ln 2}{32}\right)(-2) + c\) Using a numerical \(m_N\ (\neq m_T)\), either \(y - 4 = m_N(x - {-2})\) and sets \(x = 0\) in their normal equation or \(4 = (\text{their } m_N)(-2) + c\) | M1 |
| \(\left\{\Rightarrow c = 4 + \dfrac{40 - 16\ln 2}{16},\ \text{so } y = \dfrac{104 - 16\ln 2}{16} \Rightarrow\right\}\) | |
| \(y\) (or \(c\)) \(= \dfrac{13}{2} - \ln 2\) \(\dfrac{104}{16} - \ln 2\) or \(\dfrac{13}{2} - \ln 2\) or \(-\ln 2 + \dfrac{13}{2}\) | A1 cso isw |
| Note: Allow exact equivalents in the form \(p - \ln 2\) for the final A mark | |
| (3) | |
| (9 marks) |
Notes
Note: The 2nd M1 mark can be implied by later working.
Eg. Award 1st M1 and 2nd M1 for \(\dfrac{y - 4}{2} = \dfrac{-1}{\text{their } m_T \text{ evaluated at } x = -2 \text{ and } y = 4}\)
Note: A1: Allow the alternative answer \(\{y =\}\ \ln\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right) + \dfrac{13}{2\ln 2}(\ln 2)\) which is in the form \(p + q\ln 2\)