Foundation June 2018 Paper 3 Q22
22 Earth and Pluto go around the Sun.
Their distance to the Sun varies.
Not to scale
The table shows the closest distance that Earth and Pluto get to the Sun.
| Closest distance to the Sun (km) | |
|---|---|
| Earth | \(1.47 \times 10^8\) |
| Pluto | \(4.44 \times 10^9\) |
(a) Show that the closest distance of Pluto to the Sun is roughly 30 times the closest distance of Earth to the Sun. [2]
(b) Give a reason why we cannot use this information to say
The distance of Pluto to the Sun is always
30 times the distance of Earth to the Sun.
[1]
| Answer | Marks | Part marks and guidance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| \(\dfrac{4.44 \times 10^9}{1.47 \times 10^8}\) | M1 | Accept in ordinary numbers \(\dfrac{4\,440\,000\,000}{147\,000\,000}\) | |
| 30.2[0...] or 3.02[0...] \(\times\ 10^{[1]}\) | A1 | If 0 scored SC1 for \(1.47 \times 10^8 \times 30 = 4.41 \times 10^9\) or \(\dfrac{4.44 \times 10^9}{30} = 1.48 \times 10^8\) | \(147\,000\,000 \times 30 = 4\,410\,000\,000\) or \(\dfrac{4\,440\,000\,000}{30} = 148\,000\,000\) |
| Answer | Marks | Part marks and guidance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recognise other distances are possible | 1 | B1 for statement with distance oe and varies oe Mark the best bit if not contradictory | See appendix eg No information about other positions or [30] only for closest [distance]. Do not accept “It varies...” |
Appendix
Exemplars: 22b
| Comment | Mark |
|---|---|
| This is the closest and it won’t always be closest. Recognises other distances are possible | 1 |
| Their distance from the sun varies | 1 |
| When the Earth rotates round the sun its distance will change BOD varies | 1 |
| The sun changes distance from the earth BOD inverse statement | 1 |
| As it can change “It” could refer to anything | 0 |
| The earth goes round the sun in an oval shape Doesn’t explain the effect of this on distance | 0 |